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  2. Natural rights and legal rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal...

    Natural rights were traditionally viewed as exclusively negative rights, [6] whereas human rights also comprise positive rights. [7] Even on a natural rights conception of human rights, the two terms may not be synonymous. The concept of natural rights is not universally accepted, partly due to its religious associations and perceived incoherence.

  3. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights...

    [18] They have certain natural rights to property, to liberty, and to life. According to this theory, the role of government is to recognize and secure these rights. Furthermore, the government should be carried on by elected representatives. [19] When it was written, the rights contained in the declaration were only awarded to men.

  4. Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life,_Liberty_and_the...

    The first and second article of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, written by George Mason and adopted unanimously by the Virginia Convention of Delegates on June 12, 1776, speaks of happiness in the context of recognizably Lockean rights and is paradigmatic of the way in which "the fundamental natural rights of mankind" were expressed at the ...

  5. Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to...

    The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.Usually considered one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to formerly enslaved Americans following the American Civil War.

  6. History of human rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_human_rights

    Some notions of righteousness present in ancient law and religion are sometimes retrospectively included under the term "human rights". While Enlightenment philosophers suggest a secular social contract between the rulers and the ruled, ancient traditions derived similar conclusions from notions of divine law, and, in Hellenistic philosophy, natural law.

  7. Thomas Paine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine

    While in England, he wrote Rights of Man (1791), in part a defense of the French Revolution against its critics, particularly the Anglo-Irish conservative writer Edmund Burke. His authorship of the tract led to a trial and conviction in absentia in England in 1792 for the crime of seditious libel.

  8. All men are created equal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal

    [17] George Mason was an elder-planter who had originally stated John Locke's theory of natural rights: "All men are born equally free and independent and have certain inherent natural rights of which they cannot, by any compact, deprive or divest their posterity; among which are the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring ...

  9. Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of...

    According to the 2009 Arab Human Development Report, written by Arab experts for the United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States, "Arab states seem content to ratify certain international human rights treaties, but do not go so far as to recognize the role of international mechanisms in making human rights effective ...