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Dogs with a bacterial infection feel an increased need to urinate. Some dogs will have dark urine or other signs ... have low vitamin B6 and B12, and have oxidative stress problems in their brains ...
[2] [4] Plants do not need cobalamin and carry out the reactions with enzymes that are not dependent on it. [5] Vitamin B 12 is the most chemically complex of all vitamins. [6] [2] [7] Only some archaea and bacteria can synthesize vitamin B 12. [8]
This dietary advice for dogs resembles that for humans on balanced vegan diets, where it is also important to ensure inclusion of essential nutrients, such as calcium, iron, iodine, and selenium and vitamin B12 and vitamin D, possibly in the form of supplements, especially in pregnancy and early life stages. [5]
Some nutrients that require special consideration include protein, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12, taurine, L-carnitine, and omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA and EPA. Although their sources are more limited without animal products, it is possible to formulate a diet adequate in these nutrients through plant and synthetic sources. [97]
“Vitamin B12 requirements are low because we can store up to 2,500 micrograms in the liver,” says Ryan D. Andrews, R.D., C.S.C.S., principal nutritionist at Precision Nutrition. So target just ...
During growth, young dogs are more susceptible to infection, but the addition of proper levels of vitamin E to the diet reduces free radical oxidative damage and leads to an increase in immunity. Calcium and phosphorus, in the appropriate amounts and ratio, aid in proper bone and cartilage growth and maturation.