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The Amu Darya (/ ˌ ɑː m uː ˈ d ɑːr j ə / AH-moo DAR-yə), [a] (Persian: آمو دریا) also shortened to Amu and historically known as the Oxus (/ ˈ ɒ k s ə s / OK-səss), [2] [b] is a major river in Central Asia, which flows through Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan.
The Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) is the modern archaeological designation for a particular Middle Bronze Age civilisation of southern Central Asia, also known as the Oxus Civilization.
Miniature votive images or toys from Harappa, c. 2500 BCE, clay figurines of zebu oxen, a cart, and a chicken. The Indus Valley Civilisation [1] (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.
Indus Valley Civilization. [59] Most Indus seals depict a single animal, without obvious narrative meaning. Several are more complex, with possible symbolic designs, as well as human or semi-human figures in action. A bull-man or bull-woman, equipped with hooves, a tail and large horns, can be seen fighting a fantastic horned beast.
A cave in the Himalayas revealed the most detailed explanation yet for the ancient civilization’s decline.
Identification between Oxus and the deity Zūn has been proposed. [13] However, based on a legend about the latter recorded by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang, in which he is described as a mountain deity who "arrived from afar", it has been alternatively suggested that he was an alternate name of Mithra rather than Oxus, as he is linked with Mount Harā in the Avesta.
Bactria (/ ˈ b æ k t r i ə /; Bactrian: βαχλο, Bakhlo), or Bactriana, was an ancient Iranian [1] civilization in Central Asia based in the area south of the Oxus River (modern Amu Darya) and north of the mountains of the Hindu Kush, an area within the north of modern Afghanistan.
Indus River near Leh, Ladakh Confluence of Indus and Zanskar rivers. The Indus is at the left of the picture, flowing left-to-right; the Zanskar, carrying more water, comes in from the top of the picture. Indus is an antecedent river, meaning that it existed before the Himalayas and entrenched itself while they were rising.