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Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})
Miscellaneous symbols Name(s) Symbol Example Meaning (of example) Unicode code point High minus [14] ¯ ¯3: Denotes a negative number U+00AF ¯ MACRON: Lamp, Comment ⍝ ⍝This is a comment: Everything to the right of ⍝ denotes a comment U+235D ⍝ APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP SHOE JOT: RightArrow, Branch, GoTo → →This_Label
Here, is the Hyperbolic tangent and the superscript of -1, above it, is shorthand notation for the inverse function of the Trigonometric function, tangent. For k > 1 {\displaystyle k>1} , a smooth approximation of the sign function is sgn x ≈ tanh k x . {\displaystyle \operatorname {sgn} x\approx \tanh kx\,.}
The summation symbol. Mathematical notation uses a symbol that compactly represents summation of many similar terms: the summation symbol, , an enlarged form of the upright capital Greek letter sigma. [1] This is defined as
The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
Examples of the application of the logistic S-curve to the response of crop yield (wheat) to both the soil salinity and depth to water table in the soil are shown in modeling crop response in agriculture. In artificial neural networks, sometimes non-smooth functions are used instead for efficiency; these are known as hard sigmoids.
The Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block (U+1D400–U+1D7FF) contains Latin and Greek letters and decimal digits that enable mathematicians to denote different notions with different letter styles. The reserved code points (the "holes") in the alphabetic ranges up to U+1D551 duplicate characters in the Letterlike Symbols block. In order ...