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Toggle the table of contents. ... Ebstein anomaly [7] Treatment: Open heart surgery [8] Frequency: ... TOF carries a 35% mortality rate in the first year of life, ...
Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced downwards towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart. [1] EA has great anatomical heterogeneity that generates a wide spectrum of clinical features at presentation and is complicated by the fact that the ...
Survival rates are proportional to TR severity; [18] but even mild TR reduces survival compared to those with no TR. In some studies, the 1 year mortality rate of severe, medically treated TR is 36-42% with a 2-3.2 times increased risk of death in moderate or severe TR as compared to mild TR or no tricuspid valvular disease. [ 3 ]
Ebstein's anomaly; Ectopia cordis; Encephalocele; Endocardial cushion defect; Esophageal atresia; Exstrophy of the bladder; Fetal alcohol syndrome; First arch syndrome; Focal femoral hypoplasia; Gastrointestinal atresia; Gastroschisis; Holoprosencephaly; Hydranencephaly; Hydronephrosis; Hydrops fetalis; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome ...
Ebstein's anomaly [31] – about 50% of individuals with Ebstein anomaly have an associated shunt between the right and left atria, either an atrial septal defect or a patent foramen ovale. [32] Fetal alcohol syndrome – about one in four patients with fetal alcohol syndrome has either an ASD or a ventricular septal defect. [33]
An accessory "bypass tract" can avoid the AV node and its protection so that the fast rate may be directly transmitted to the ventricles. This situation has characteristic findings on ECG. [14] A congenital heart lesion, Ebstein's anomaly, is most commonly associated with supraventricular tachycardia.
Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger's syndrome is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension [1] [2] and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.
A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly, congenital cardiovascular malformation, and congenital heart disease, is a defect in the structure of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth. [7] A congenital heart defect is classed as a cardiovascular disease. [10]