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  2. Orbital overlap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_overlap

    In chemical bonds, an orbital overlap is the concentration of orbitals on adjacent atoms in the same regions of space. Orbital overlap can lead to bond formation. The general principle for orbital overlap is that, the greater the greater the over between orbitals, the greater is the bond strength.

  3. Hückel method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hückel_method

    Transition electric dipole, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments interactions result in optical rotation(OR), which can be described by both tensor components and chemical geometries. The in phase overlap of two molecular orbitals yield negative charge while depleting charge out of phase.

  4. Atomic orbital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital

    The shapes of the first five atomic orbitals are 1s, 2s ... ℓ describes the orbital angular momentum of each electron and is a non-negative ... Orbital overlap;

  5. Molecular orbital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital

    These coefficients can be positive or negative, depending on the energies and symmetries of the individual atomic orbitals. As the two atoms become closer together, their atomic orbitals overlap to produce areas of high electron density, and, as a consequence, molecular orbitals are formed between the two atoms.

  6. Molecular orbital diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram

    The MO diagram for diboron (B-B, electron configuration 1σ g 2 1σ u 2 2σ g 2 2σ u 2 1π u 2) requires the introduction of an atomic orbital overlap model for p orbitals. The three dumbbell-shaped p-orbitals have equal energy and are oriented mutually perpendicularly (or orthogonally).

  7. Valence bond theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_bond_theory

    σ bond between two atoms: localization of electron density Two p-orbitals forming a π-bond. The overlapping atomic orbitals can differ. The two types of overlapping orbitals are sigma and pi. Sigma bonds occur when the orbitals of two shared electrons overlap head-to-head, with the electron density most concentrated between nuclei.

  8. Molecular orbital theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_theory

    Atomic orbitals must also overlap within space. They cannot combine to form molecular orbitals if they are too far away from one another. Atomic orbitals must be at similar energy levels to combine as molecular orbitals. Because if the energy difference is great, when the molecular orbitals form, the change in energy becomes small.

  9. Delta bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_bond

    Formation of a δ bond by the overlap of two d orbitals 3D model of a boundary surface of a δ bond in Mo 2. In chemistry, a delta bond (δ bond) is a covalent chemical bond, in which four lobes of an atomic orbital on one atom overlap four lobes of an atomic orbital on another atom.