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Collect: waste collectors pick up PET bottles mixed into some other stream (54% recovery in EU). Bring: consumers take PET bottles and place them into a container (43% recovery in EU). Different countries have opted for different systems. France: public voluntarily puts PET bottles into containers for plastic bottles and metal packaging.
Petcore was founded in 1993 to promote the collection, sorting and recycling of post-consumer PET bottles. It networks with national collection agencies, governments, and the recycling industry. [citation needed]
The first PETase was discovered in 2016 from Ideonella sakaiensis strain 201-F6 bacteria found from sludge samples collected close to a Japanese PET bottle recycling site. [1] [4] There were other types of hydrolases previously known to degrade PET, [2] including lipases, esterases, and cutinases. [5]
For bottle-to-bottle recycling, the bottles have to be decontaminated which was achieved by introducing "super-clean recycling processes," which in the US was done for the first time in 1991. [5] These processes clean "recycled PET flakes to contamination levels similar to virgin PET pellets," so that they can be reused as beverage containers.
CalRecycle awarded nearly $70 million in Beverage Container Redemption Innovation Grants for projects including reverse vending machines, mobile recycling and bag-drop sites.
In open-loop recycling, also known as secondary recycling, or downcycling, the quality of the plastic is reduced each time it is recycled, so that the material eventually becomes unrecyclable. It is the most common type. [98] Recycling PET bottles into fleece or other fibres is a common example, and accounts for the majority of PET recycling. [101]