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It is made by nitrating toluene by conventional mixed acid (acetyl nitrate doesn't produce it [4]): this reaction mainly affords a 2:1 mixture of 2-nitro and 4-nitro isomers, but after removal of the 2-isomer, the 3-nitrotoluene can be purified by distillation.
It is made by nitrating toluene at above -10 °C. This reaction affords a 2:1 mixture of 2-nitro and 4-nitro isomers. ... CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards ...
They can be viewed as nitro derivatives of toluene or as methylated derivatives of nitrobenzene. Mononitrotoluene comes in four isomers, differing by the relative position of the methyl and nitro groups. All are pale yellow with faint fragrances: ortho-nitrotoluene (also called ONT, o-nitrotoluene, or 2-nitrotoluene). m.p. = -10.4 °C
Together with other isomers, 4-nitrotoluene is prepared by nitration of toluene, [4] commonly using titanium(IV) nitrate. [5] It undergoes the reactions typical for nitrobenzene derivatives, e.g. hydrogenation gives p-toluidine. Oxidation of the methyl substituent of 4-nitrotoluene has been extensively investigated.
Toluene is also found in cigarette smoke and car exhaust. If not in contact with air, toluene can remain unchanged in soil or water for a long time. [39] Toluene is a common solvent, e.g. for paints, paint thinners, silicone sealants, [40] many chemical reactants, rubber, printing ink, adhesives (glues), lacquers, leather tanners, and ...
The term immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) is defined by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as exposure to airborne contaminants that is "likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment." Examples include smoke or other ...
Six positional isomers are possible for dinitrotoluene. The most common one is 2,4-dinitrotoluene. The nitration of toluene gives sequentially mononitrotoluene, DNT, and finally TNT. 2,4-DNT is the principal product from dinitration, the other main product being about 30% 1,3-DN2-T.
All RELs are located in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, along with other key data for 677 chemical or substance groupings. The Pocket Guide is a source of general industrial hygiene information for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals. [1] NIOSH recommendations are also published in a variety of documents ...