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  2. Distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation

    Distillation, also classical distillation, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances; the separation process is realized by way of the selective boiling of the mixture and the condensation of the vapors in a still.

  3. Distilled water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distilled_water

    The drinking of distilled water as a replacement for drinking water has been both advocated and discouraged for health reasons. Distilled water lacks minerals and ions, such as calcium, that play key roles in biological functions, such as in nervous system homeostasis, and are normally found in potable water. The lack of naturally occurring ...

  4. Liquor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquor

    An old whiskey still A display of various liquors in a supermarket Some single-drink liquor bottles available in Germany. Liquor (/ ˈ l ɪ k ər / LIK-ər) or distilled beverages are alcoholic drinks produced by the distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation.

  5. Purified water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purified_water

    Distilled or deionized water is commonly used to top up the lead–acid batteries used in cars and trucks and for other applications. The presence of foreign ions commonly found in tap water will drastically shorten the lifespan of a lead–acid battery. Distilled or deionized water is preferable to tap water for use in automotive cooling systems.

  6. Vodka - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodka

    Vodka (Polish: wódka; Russian: водка; Swedish: vodka) is a clear distilled alcoholic beverage.Different varieties originated in Poland, Russia, and Sweden. [1] [2] Vodka is composed mainly of water and ethanol but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavourings. [3]

  7. Bottled in bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottled_in_bond

    Old Overholt Bottled in Bond straight rye whiskey. Bottled in bond (BIB) is a label for an American-produced distilled beverage that has been aged and bottled according to a set of legal regulations contained in the United States government's Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits, [1] as originally specified in the Bottled-in-Bond Act of 1897.

  8. Still - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still

    A pot still incorporates only one condensation, whereas other types of distillation equipment have multiple stages which result in higher purification of the more volatile component (alcohol). Pot still distillation gives an incomplete separation, but this can be desirable for the flavor of some distilled beverages.

  9. McCabe–Thiele method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCabe–Thiele_method

    For the binary distillation depicted in Figure 1, the required number of theoretical plates is 6. Constructing a McCabe–Thiele diagram is not always straightforward. In continuous distillation with a varying reflux ratio, the mole fraction of the lighter component in the top part of the distillation column will decrease as the reflux ratio ...