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A sodium-vapor lamp is a gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm. Two varieties of such lamps exist: low pressure and high pressure. Low-pressure sodium lamps are highly efficient electrical light sources, but their yellow light restricts applications to outdoor ...
Metal-halide (MH) lamps; Ceramic MH lamps; Sodium-vapor lamps; Xenon short-arc lamps; The light-producing element of these lamp types is a well-stabilized arc discharge contained within a refractory envelope arc tube with wall loading in excess of 3 watts per square centimetre (19 W/in 2). Mercury-vapor lamps were the first commercially ...
Compared to other lamp types, relatively high arc power exists for the arc length. Examples of HID lamps include mercury-vapor lamps, metal halide lamps, ceramic discharge metal halide lamps, sodium vapor lamps and xenon arc lamps. HID lamps are typically used when high levels of light and energy efficiency are desired.
The sodium vapor process (occasionally referred to as yellowscreen) is a photochemical film technique for combining actors and background footage. It originated in the British film industry in the late 1950s and was used extensively by Walt Disney Productions in the 1960s and 1970s as an alternative to the more common bluescreen process.
Meanwhile, high-pressure sodium vapor lamps cost only $44 a year to operate, with a standard life expectancy of 15,000 hours, which also helped to lower labor and maintenance costs. [1] According to the Edison Tech Center, sodium vapor lamps are "the most ubiquitous lamp for street lighting on the planet." [17]
1963 Kurt Schmidt invents the first high pressure sodium-vapor lamp. [18] 1972 M. George Craford invents the first yellow light-emitting diode. 1972 Herbert Paul Maruska and Jacques Pankove create the first violet light-emitting diode. 1981 Philips sells their first Compact Fluorescent Energy Saving Lamps, with integrated conventional ballast.