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An electronic bill of lading (or eB/L) is the legal and functional equivalent of a paper bill of lading. [27] An electronic bill of lading must replicate the core functions of a paper bill of lading, [28] namely its functions as a receipt, as evidence of or containing the contract of carriage and as a document of title. [citation needed]
In some cases, a single document may serve both purposes. In general, a bill of lading serves as a legal instrument focusing on and documenting such issues as ownership, whereas a cargo manifest is often more concerned with physical aspects of the cargo, such as weight and size. When the cargo is being shipped by several different shipping ...
The Standard Carrier Alpha Code, a two-to-four letter identification, is used by the transportation industry to identify freight carriers in computer systems and shipping documents such as Bill of Lading, Freight Bill, Packing List, and Purchase Order.
Consignees (or indeed any lawful holder of the bill of lading) [6] who wishes to make a cargo claim because their goods are substandard or have been lost or damaged at sea, typically have four options: They may sue the seller, the shipper, or the carrier; or they may claim from their own insurance policy.
The Bills of Lading Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 111) was commendably brief and proved useful, but as time went by certain defects became apparent. [3]The English courts devised some ways round the problem: in Brandt v Liverpool (1924) [4] [5] the concept of implied contracts was developed, although the courts proved reluctant to use this concept. [6]
Also, although Article III(4) declares a bill of lading to be a mere "prima facie evidence of the receipt by the carrier of the goods", the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 section 4 upgrades a bill of lading to be "conclusive evidence of receipt".
They are usually printed as the fine print behind the shipping documents like bill of lading, air way bill, or consignment note. These standard trading conditions state the general contract terms and conditions between the two contracting parties who do a contract of transportation or storage or otherwise handling of goods.
The Uniform Bills of Lading Act was adopted in 1909 and passed by the U.S. Uniform Law Commission.The act addressed the judicial and legislative treatment of issues such as the extent of the carrier's liability to the consignee of the goods or to the buyer of the bill of lading based upon the carrier's issuance of the bill. [1]