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Women should speak to their doctor or healthcare professional before starting or stopping any medications while pregnant. [1] Drugs taken in pregnancy including over-the counter-medications, prescription medications, nutritional supplements, recreational drugs, and illicit drugs may cause harm to the mother or the unborn child.
The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. It does not include any risks conferred by pharmaceutical agents or their metabolites in breast milk .
Twin pregnancy continuing beyond 38 weeks. Previous health conditions that puts risk on the woman and/or her child such as diabetes, high blood pressure. High BMI. Macrosomia. [3] Induction of labor in those who are either at or after term improves outcomes for newborns and decreases the number of C-sections performed. [4]
A pregnant woman may have a pre-existing disease, that may become worse or become a risk to the pregnancy, or to postnatal development of the offspring [35] Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy deals with the interactions of diabetes mellitus (not restricted to gestational diabetes ) and pregnancy. [ 36 ]
Prescriptions of thalidomide are accompanied by strict measures to avoid any possibility of use during pregnancy, and thalidomide should be avoided in women wanting to conceive. [21] In the United States, the prescribing doctor is required to ensure that contraception is being used and that regular pregnancy tests are taken. [15] [14]
Combined oral contraceptive pills are a type of oral medication that were originally designed to be taken every day at the same time of day in order to prevent pregnancy. [ 26 ] [ 37 ] There are many different formulations or brands, but the average pack is designed to be taken over a 28-day period (also known as a cycle).
The health of a mother directly affects the fetus during pregnancy. High levels of pollution where pregnant women reside can have adverse health effects on fetuses. Previous studies have found correlations between exposure to vehicle pollutants and certain diseases such as asthma , lung and heart disease , and cancer among others.
Fever of 38 °C (100.4 °F) or higher for more than 4 hours [51] Complications under 10 weeks' pregnancy are rare; according to two large reviews, bleeding requiring a blood transfusion occurred in 0.03–0.6% of women and serious infection in 0.01–0.5%.