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Presbyterianism is a Reformed (Calvinist) Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elders. [2] Though other Reformed churches are structurally similar, the word Presbyterian is applied to churches that trace their roots to the Church of Scotland or to English Dissenter groups that were formed during the English Civil War.
The family tree of American Presbyterianism, 1706–1983. Courtesy of the Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia, PA, and updated.. Presbyterianism has had a presence in the United States since colonial times and has exerted an important influence over broader American religion and culture.
Presbyterians trace their history to the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. The Presbyterian heritage, and much of its theology, began with the French theologian and lawyer John Calvin (1509–64), whose writings solidified much of the Reformed thinking that came before him in the form of the sermons and writings of Huldrych Zwingli.
The Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS, originally Presbyterian Church in the Confederate States of America) was a Protestant denomination in the Southern and border states of the United States that existed from 1861 to 1983.
Albert Baldwin Dod accused Finney of preaching Pelagianism and urged him to leave the Presbyterian Church. Finney did just that in 1836 when he joined the Congregational church as pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle in New York City. [46] Charles Grandison Finney was a leader in the Second Great Awakening and a New School Presbyterian minister.
Religion and the American Civil War (1998) excerpt and text search; complete edition online; Queen, Edsward, ed. Encyclopedia of American Religious History (3rd ed. 3 vol 2009) Raboteau, Albert. Slave Religion: The "invisible Institution' in the Antebellum South, (1979) Richey, Russell E. et al. eds. United Methodism and American Culture.
The Presbyterian Church (USA) is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the United States, [7] reporting 1,094,733 active members and 17,978 ordained ministers (including retired ones) [8] in 8,572 congregations at the end of 2023. [1] This number does not include members who are baptized but not confirmed, or the inactive members also ...
English Presbyterianism itself dates to the tumultuous year 1641, which saw the execution of the Earl of Stafford, the Imprisonment of the Twelve Bishops, the publication of the Grand Remonstrance, and most importantly the beginning of a great debate within and without Parliament on the subject of church government.