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The depth of low-level warm air (below the freezing level) needed to melt snow falling from above to rain varies from about 230–460 m (750–1,500 ft) and depends on the mass of the flakes and the lapse rate of the melting layer. Rain and snow typically mix when the melting layer depth falls between these values as rain starts forming when in ...
Freezing rain develops when falling snow encounters a layer of warm air aloft, typically around the 800 mbar (800 hPa; 80 kPa) level, causing the snow to melt and become rain. As the rain continues to fall, it passes through a layer of subfreezing air just above the surface and cools to a temperature below freezing (0 °C or 32 °F or 273 K).
As snow in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota begins to melt and flow into the Red River, the presence of downstream ice can act as a dam and force upstream water to rise. Colder temperatures downstream can also potentially lead to freezing of water as it flows north, thus augmenting the ice dam problem.
Snow ratios can far exceed the 10:1 rule of thumb: In the 24 hours ending the morning of Jan. 21, 2024, parts of the Alleghenies saw 2 to 4 inches of snow from just 0.05 to 0.08 inches of liquid ...
In some cases, the rain may melt all the snow that falls in southern Minnesota, he added. But in the Twin Cities, he expects at least 2 to 4 inches will remain on the ground by the morning.
The storm will complicate rain and snow patterns in the Midwest, Appalachians and Northeast. ... However, much of the snow may melt with most accumulation being limited to grass and elevated surfaces.
The following processes have the corresponding results: smooth—deposition without wind; wavy—wind deposited snow; concave furrows—melt and sublimation; convex furrows—rain or melt; random furrows—erosion. Snow covered area (SCA) describes the extent of snow-covered ground, usually expressed as a fraction (%) of the total.
A Melt-Freeze Crust or Rain Crust is a discontinuity between snow layers which can lead to avalanches. The layer can be created in two ways: A temperature high enough to allow surface snow to melt, creating a layer of melt water which may later re-freeze. Rain falling and freezing on the surface of existing snow, also creating a frozen layer.