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In Croton, Pythagoras established the first Pythagorean community, described as a secret society, and attained political influence. In the early 5th century BC Croton acquired great military and economic importance. Pythagoras emphasised moderation, piety, respect for elders and of the state, and advocated a monogamous family structure. The ...
In the history of economic thought, ancient economic thought refers to the ideas from people before the Middle Ages. Economics in the classical age is defined in the modern analysis as a factor of ethics and politics, only becoming an object of study as a separate discipline during the 18th century. [1] [2] [3] [4]
The government-interventionist monetary and fiscal policies that the postwar Keynesian economists recommended came under attack by a group of theorists working at the University of Chicago, which came in the 1950s to be known as the Chicago School of Economics. Before World War II, the Old Chicago School of strong Keynesians was founded by ...
The Ancient Economy is an influential book about the economic system of classical antiquity written by the classicist Moses I. Finley. [1] It was originally published in 1973 with new editions in 1985 and 1992. Finley interpreted the economy from 1000 BC to AD 500 sociologically rather than through use of economic models (as did Michael ...
The idea of a classless and stateless society based on communal ownership of property and wealth also stretches far back in Western thought long before The Communist Manifesto. There are scholars who have traced communist ideas back to ancient times, particularly in the work of Pythagoras and Plato.
The Pythagorean theorem was known and used by the Babylonians and Indians centuries before Pythagoras, [216] [214] [217] [218] but he may have been the first to introduce it to the Greeks. [219] [217] Some historians of mathematics have even suggested that he—or his students—may have constructed the first proof. [220]
Pythagoreanism, the esoteric and metaphysical beliefs purported to have been held by Pythagoras; Neopythagoreanism, a school of philosophy reviving Pythagorean doctrines that became prominent in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD; Pythagorean diet, the name for vegetarianism before the nineteenth century
Nicomachus of Gerasa says that they were "acknowledged by all the ancients, Pythagoras, Plato and Aristotle." [2] Their earliest known use is a fragment of the Pythagorean philosopher Archytas of Tarentum: There are three means in music: one is arithmetic, second is the geometric, third is sub-contrary, which they call harmonic.