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Plato's theory of the soul, which was inspired variously by the teachings of Socrates, considered the psyche (Ancient Greek: ψῡχή, romanized: psūkhḗ) to be the essence of a person, being that which decides how people behave. Plato considered this essence to be an incorporeal, eternal occupant of a person's being.
Plato relies, further, on the view that the soul is a mind in order to explain how its motions are possible: Plato combines the view that the soul is a self-mover with the view that the soul is a mind in order to explain how the soul can move things in the first place (e.g., how it can move the body to which it is attached in life). [10]
"Philosophers and Non-Philosophers in the Phaedo and the Republic." In Plato's Utopia Recast: His Later Ethics and Politics, 1–88. Oxford: Clarendon. Brill, Sara. 2013. Plato on the Limits of Human Life. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253008824; Campbell, Douglas 2021. "Self‐Motion and Cognition: Plato's Theory of the Soul."
27. “Ignorance, the root and stem of all evil.” 28. “Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a harder battle.” 29. “For a man to conquer himself is the first and noblest of all ...
Augustine saw the human being as a perfect unity of two substances: soul and body. [7] He was much closer in this anthropological view to Aristotle than to Plato. [8] [9] In his late treatise On Care to Be Had for the Dead sec. 5 (420 AD) he insisted that the body is essential part of the human person: In no wise are the bodies themselves to be ...
Just like the farmer is best at knowing the realities of the land, and the trainer of the human body, so is a king best in knowing the realities of human soul upon which laws should take effect. This is how the dialogue segues into praising Minos, the best, according to Socrates, of kings that have existed.
In Plato's dialogues, the soul plays many disparate roles. Among other things, Plato believes that the soul is what gives life to the body (which was articulated most of all in the Laws and Phaedrus) in terms of self-motion: to be alive is to be capable of moving oneself; the soul is a self-mover. He also thinks that the soul is the bearer of ...
Protagoras, in a collection of Plato's Dialogues at Standard Ebooks; Text of Plato's Protagoras, Jowett's translation, published by the Gutenberg Project. Protagoras on the Perseus Project translated by W.R.M. Lamb (1924) ISBN 0-674-99183-4, ISBN 0-674-99184-2; Approaching Plato: A Guide to the Early and Middle Dialogues