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  2. Fragmentation (reproduction) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(reproduction)

    Fragmentation is a very common type of vegetative reproduction in plants. Many trees, shrubs, nonwoody perennials, and ferns form clonal colonies by producing new rooted shoots by rhizomes or stolons, which increases the diameter of the colony. If a rooted shoot becomes detached from the colony, then fragmentation has occurred. There are ...

  3. Habitat fragmentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation

    While habitat fragmentation is often associated with its effects on large plant and animal populations and biodiversity, due to the interconnectedness of ecosystems there are also significant effects that it has on the microbiota of an environment. Increased fragmentation has been linked to reduced populations and diversity of fungi responsible ...

  4. Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_Dynamics_of...

    Studies on edge effects, extinction rates, biotic and abiotic interactions, mortality factors, soil quality and more performed on this site address fragmentation effects on biodiversity and other ecological changes. Other dimensions influencing ecosystems are also studied, such as economic and human factors.

  5. Captive breeding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captive_breeding

    USFWS staff with two red wolf pups bred in captivity. Captive breeding, also known as captive propagation, is the process of keeping plants or animals in controlled environments, such as wildlife reserves, zoos, botanic gardens, and other conservation facilities.

  6. Ecosystem collapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_collapse

    Species have a hard time finding a new place to settle in these fragments causing ecological collapse. This leads to extinction of many animals in the rainforest. A classic pattern of forest fragmentation is occurring in many rainforests including those of the Amazon, specifically a 'fishbone' pattern formed by the development of roads into the ...

  7. Disjunct distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjunct_distribution

    Also called range fragmentation, disjunct distributions may be caused by changes in the environment, such as mountain building and continental drift or rising sea levels; it may also be due to an organism expanding its range into new areas, by such means as rafting, or other animals transporting an organism to a new location (plant seeds consumed by birds and animals can be moved to new ...

  8. Population fragmentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_fragmentation

    Population fragmentation causes inbreeding depression, which leads to a decrease in genetic variability in the species involved. [4] This decreases the fitness of the population for several reasons. First, inbreeding forces competition with relatives, which decreases the evolutionary fitness of the species. [ 4 ]

  9. Cloning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning

    Versions of this reproduction method are used by plants, fungi, and bacteria, and is also the way that clonal colonies reproduce themselves. [5] [6] Some of the mechanisms are explored and used in plants and animals are binary fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis. [7]