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The attenuation coefficient of a volume, denoted μ, is defined as [6] =, where Φ e is the radiant flux;; z is the path length of the beam.; Note that for an attenuation coefficient which does not vary with z, this equation is solved along a line from =0 to as:
This effect is localised on an attenuation length of characteristic size = [/ ()] / whose order of magnitude is a few micrometres in both air and water at 1 MHz. The streaming flow generated due to the interaction of sound waves and microbubbles, elastic polymers, [ 4 ] and even biological cells [ 5 ] are examples of boundary driven acoustic ...
Output of a computer model of underwater acoustic propagation in a simplified ocean environment. A seafloor map produced by multibeam sonar. Underwater acoustics (also known as hydroacoustics) is the study of the propagation of sound in water and the interaction of the mechanical waves that constitute sound with the water, its contents and its boundaries.
Sound Transmission Class (or STC) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. In the US, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings, floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations.
The SI unit of mass attenuation coefficient is the square metre per kilogram (m 2 /kg). Other common units include cm 2 /g (the most common unit for X-ray mass attenuation coefficients) and L⋅g −1 ⋅cm −1 (sometimes used in solution chemistry). Mass extinction coefficient is an old term for this quantity. [1]
The attenuation in the signal of ground motion intensity plays an important role in the assessment of possible strong groundshaking. A seismic wave loses energy as it propagates through the earth (seismic attenuation). This phenomenon is tied into the dispersion of the seismic energy with the distance. There are two types of dissipated energy:
A link budget is an accounting of all of the power gains and losses that a communication signal experiences in a telecommunication system; from a transmitter, through a communication medium such as radio waves, cable, waveguide, or optical fiber, to the receiver.
The molar absorption coefficient (in units of M −1 cm −1) is directly related to the attenuation cross section (in units of cm 2) via the Avogadro constant N A: [5] σ = ln ( 10 ) 10 3 N A ε ≈ 3.82353216 × 10 − 21 ε . {\displaystyle \sigma =\ln(10){\frac {10^{3}}{N_{\text{A}}}}\varepsilon \approx 3.82353216\times 10^{-21 ...