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A cluster is the smallest logical amount of disk space that can be allocated to hold a file. Storing small files on a filesystem with large clusters will therefore waste disk space; such wasted disk space is called slack space. For cluster sizes which are small versus the average file size, the wasted space per file will be statistically about ...
Each entry in the FAT linked list is a fixed number of bits: 12, 16 or 32. The maximum size of a file or a disk drive that can be accessed is the product of the largest number that can be stored in the entries (less a few values reserved to indicate unallocated space or the end of a list) and the size of the disk cluster.
This approach drastically reduces the cost of finding free space, but it doesn't help with the process of freeing space. If the combined size of the summary array and bitmap is greater than can readily be stored in memory, and a large number of files with scattered sectors are freed, an enormous amount of disk access is necessary to find all ...
A volume's data area is divided into identically sized clusters—small blocks of contiguous space. Cluster sizes vary depending on the type of FAT file system being used and the size of the drive; typical cluster sizes range from 2 to 32 KiB. [39] Each file may occupy one or more clusters depending on its size.
The compression algorithm is designed to support cluster sizes of up to 4 KB; when the cluster size is greater than 4 KB on an NTFS volume, NTFS compression is not available. [69] Data is compressed in 16-cluster chunks (up to 64 KB in size); if the compression reduces 64 KB of data to 60 KB or less, NTFS treats the unneeded 4 KB pages like ...
The version, cluster size and other features of the filesystem can be queried with the command fsutil fsinfo refsinfo volumename. 1.1 : The original version, formatted by Windows Server 2012 . 1.2 : Default version if formatted by Windows 8.1 , Windows 10 RTM to v1607, Windows Server 2012 R2, and when specified ReFSv1 on Windows Server 2016.
IBM OS/360 and successors allocate files in multiples of disk tracks or cylinders. Files could originally have up to 16 extents, but this restriction has since been lifted. The initial allocation size, and the size of additional extents to be allocated if required, are specified by the user via Job Control Language. The system attempts to ...
WinDirStat is a free and open-source graphical disk usage analyzer for Microsoft Windows.It presents a sub-tree view with disk-use percentage alongside a usage-sorted list of file extensions that is interactively integrated with a colorful graphical display (a treemap).