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Armodafinil, sold under the brand name Nuvigil, is a wakefulness-promoting medication which is used to treat excessive daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and shift work disorder. [1] It is also used off-label for certain other indications. [10] The drug is taken by mouth. [1]
Shift workers can benefit from adhering to sleep hygiene practices related to sleep/wake scheduling. [12] Symptoms typically only fully resolve once a normal sleep schedule is resumed. [40] Many night workers take naps during their breaks, and in some industries, planned napping at work (with facilities provided) is beginning to be accepted.
The FDA approved modafinil in 1998 for narcolepsy treatment, and later for shift work sleep disorder and obstructive sleep apnea in 2003. [8] [170] [171] It was approved in the UK in December 2002. In the United States, modafinil is marketed by Cephalon, [172] who acquired the rights from Lafon and purchased the company in 2001. [172]
Occasional noncircadian days may occur (i.e., sleep is "skipped" for an entire day and night plus some portion of the following day), followed by a sleep period lasting 12 to 18 hours. The symptoms do not meet the criteria for any other sleep disorder causing inability to initiate sleep or excessive sleepiness.
Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep [5] Obstructive sleep apnea [6] Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g., jet lag, shift work, or other circadian rhythm sleep disorders) [7] Another underlying sleep disorder, such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, [8] idiopathic hypersomnia, or restless legs syndrome
Sleep experts share seven causes of sleeping too much, including health conditions, lifestyle factors, and more. They also share treatment for oversleeping.