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The Lutheran Confessions: History and Theology of the Book of Concord (2012) Bodensieck, Julius, ed. The encyclopedia of the Lutheran Church (3 vol 1965) vol 1 and 3 online free; Brauer, James Leonard and Fred L. Precht, eds. Lutheran Worship: History and Practice (1993) Granquist, Mark. Lutherans in America: A New History (2015)
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that identifies primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German friar and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church launched the Reformation in 1517. [1]
Lutheran orthodoxy was an era in the history of Lutheranism, which began in 1580 from the writing of the Book of Concord and ended at the Age of Enlightenment. Lutheran orthodoxy was paralleled by similar eras in Calvinism and tridentine Roman Catholicism after the Counter-Reformation .
The real reason was that Christian wanted to kill two birds with one stone: carrying through a Lutheran Reformation and confiscating the bishops' properties, the profits from which was needed to cover the expenses of the recently ended civil war. In 1540, Philipp Melanchthon produced a revised edition, the Variata, which was signed by John Calvin.
Luther also does not deny that the Christian may ever "improve" in his conduct. Instead, he wishes to keep Christians from either relying upon or despairing because of their own conduct or attitude. 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant 's doctrine of radical evil has been described as an adaptation of the Lutheran simul justus et peccator .
As the search for original Christianity was carried further, it was claimed that the tension between the church and the Roman Empire in the first centuries of Christianity was normative, [clarification needed] that the church is not to be allied with government sacralism, that a true church is always subject to be persecuted, and that the ...
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Bainton published Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther in 1950.As of 2019, it is still in print. Kenneth Scott Latourette, in the chapter notes for "Luther and the Rise and Spread of Lutheranism" in his History of Christianity, lauds Bainton's biography of Luther as "A superb combination of accurate scholarship based upon a thorough knowledge of the sources and secondary works with insight ...