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Health care reform measures in Germany are designated by the legislature for the organization of the health care system. The main aim of such reforms is to curb the increase of costs in statutory health insurance (for example, by stabilizing the contribution rate and, thus, non-wage labor costs by reducing benefits, increasing co-payments or by changing the remuneration of service providers). [1]
The National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (NASHIP) (German Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung, KBV), based in Berlin, is the co-ordinating body of all 17 State Associations of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians in Germany. As of 2018, it represented about 175,000 office-based physicians' and psychotherapists in
The pharmaceutical industry plays a major role in Germany within and beyond direct health care. Expenditure on pharmaceutical drugs is almost half of those for the entire hospital sector. Pharmaceutical drug expenditure grew by an annual average of 4.1% between 2004 and 2010. Such developments caused numerous health care reforms since the 1980s ...
SNPs are currently the marker of choice due to their large numbers in virtually all populations of individuals. The location of these biomarkers can be tremendously important in terms of predicting functional significance, genetic mapping and population genetics. [3] Each SNP represents a nucleotide change between two individuals at a defined ...
SNPs are one of the most common types of genetic variation. An SNP is a single base pair mutation at a specific locus, usually consisting of two alleles (where the rare allele frequency is > 1%). SNPs are found to be involved in the etiology of many human diseases and are becoming of particular interest in pharmacogenetics.
The Federal Joint Committee (German: Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss (G-BA)) refers to a group of German public health agencies that were merged in 2004, under an independent chairman. [1] It is authorized to make binding regulations growing out of health reform bills passed by lawmakers, along with routine decisions regarding healthcare in Germany ...
The health economics of Germany sector was about US$368.78 billion (€287.3 billion) in 2010, equivalent to 11.6 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) this year and about US$4,505 (€3,510) per capita. [15] According to the World Health Organization, Germany's health care system was 77% government-funded and 23% privately funded as of 2004 ...
The 1978 World Health Organization (WHO) declaration at Alma-Ata was the first formal acknowledgment of the importance of intersectoral action for health. [5] The spirit of Alma-Ata was carried forward in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (adopted in Ottawa in 1986), which discussed "healthy public policies" as a key area for health promotion.