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The initial New Public Management (NPM) reforms implemented in Anglo-Saxon countries inspired reforms across the world. [9] These reforms, which were triggered and motivated by a variety of factors and resulted in the development of various models, led to the emergence of a global NPM trend. [10]
Public sector marketing is about managing the relationships between government organizations, the public sector, and other parties that are seeking services from them. These parties can include individuals, groups of individuals, organizations, or communities.
Experiments on co-production on public services have been launched in many countries, from Denmark to Malaysia, the UK and the US. [8]The term 'co-production' was originally coined in the late 1970s by Elinor Ostrom and colleagues at Indiana University to explain why neighbourhood crime rates went up in Chicago when the city's police officers retreated from the street into cars.
Word-of-mouth marketing (WOMM, WOM marketing, also called word-of-mouth advertising) is the communication between consumers about a product, service, or company in which the sources are considered independent of direct commercial influence that has been actively influenced or encouraged as a marketing effort (e.g. 'seeding' a message in a network rewarding regular consumers to engage in WOM ...
Product placement is paying a movie studio or television show to include a product or service prominently in the movie or show. [1] Digital marketing is the marketing of products or services using digital technologies, mainly on the Internet, but also including mobile phones, display advertising, and any other digital medium. [7] [8]
The new public administration (NPA) is a perspective in public administration that emerged in the late 20th century, focusing on more collaborative and citizen-centric approach. It emphasizes responsiveness to public needs, community involvement, and the integration of management and social science principles in public sector decision-making.
Service innovations fall into two categories: Radical innovations: which are the services, systems or proposals that did not exist before. Incremental innovations: are improvements and changes in existing services. The new service development cycle (NSD) is divided into two: the planning phase and the implementation phase.
An example of a typical purchase funnel. The purchase funnel, or purchasing funnel, is a consumer-focused marketing model that illustrates the theoretical customer journey toward the purchase of a good or service. This staged process is summarized below: