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Ergonomic hazards are physical conditions that may pose a risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system due to poor ergonomics. These hazards include awkward or static postures, high forces, repetitive motion, or insufficient rest breaks activities. The risk of injury is often magnified when multiple factors are present.
A repetitive strain injury (RSI) is an injury to part of the musculoskeletal or nervous system caused by repetitive use, vibrations, compression or long periods in a fixed position. [1] Other common names include repetitive stress injury , repetitive stress disorders , cumulative trauma disorders ( CTDs ), and overuse syndrome .
Slips, trips and falls account for over a third of all injuries that happen at work. Incorrect handling of items was the most common cause of injuries that led to absences from work of more than 7 days. [39] In 2010–2011, injuries to the upper limb injuries made up 47% of non-fatal injuries at work in the UK. [17]
Injuries and pain in the musculoskeletal system caused by acute traumatic events like a car accident or fall are not considered musculoskeletal disorders. [4] MSDs can affect many different parts of the body including upper and lower back, neck, shoulders and extremities (arms, legs, feet, and hands). [ 5 ]
Short term risks may include physical injury (e.g., eye, back, head, etc.), while long-term risks may be an increased risk of developing occupational disease, such as cancer or heart disease. In general, adverse health effects caused by short term risks are reversible while those caused by long term risks are irreversible.
Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent repetitive strain injuries and other musculoskeletal disorders, which can develop over time and can lead to long-term disability. Human factors and ergonomics are concerned with the "fit" between the user, equipment, and environment or "fitting a job to a person" [ 6 ] or "fitting the task to the ...
Falls are also a common cause of occupational injuries and fatalities, especially in construction, extraction, transportation, healthcare, and building cleaning and maintenance. [28] Machines have moving parts, sharp edges, hot surfaces and other hazards with the potential to crush, burn , cut , shear , stab or otherwise strike or wound workers ...
Repetitive shoulder movements, overhead, swinging, throwing or circling movement can cause musculoskeletal injury. [16] Some cases can result in spinal cord damage at the C3-C5 levels, producing a myelopathy which can dramatically compromise overall movements in arm and legs as well as other fine motor functions . [ 1 ]