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The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still more ancient than the Missal of Silos.
The Ketef Hinnom scrolls, also described as Ketef Hinnom amulets, are the oldest surviving texts currently known from the Hebrew Bible, dated to c. 600 BCE. [2] The text, written in the Paleo-Hebrew script (not the Babylonian square letters of the modern Hebrew alphabet, more familiar to most modern readers), is from the Book of Numbers in the Hebrew Bible, and has been described as "one of ...
Although de Rossi's attribution removed 150 years from the age of the Codex, it remains the oldest complete text of the Vulgate. As the primary source of the Vulgate, the manuscript was of particular importance to the Catholics during the Counter-Reformation. Protestant translations derived from the original language of the Scriptures, but the ...
Ketef Hinnom amulets, the oldest found Biblical text (amulets with the Priestly Blessing, which are recorded in the Book of Numbers) Chinese: Classic of Documents (Shūjīng) (authentic portions) Akkadian: Dynastic Chronicle; Eclectic Chronicle; Marduk Prophecy
This wall painting found in the Roman city of Pompeii is an example of a primary source about people in Pompeii in Roman times (portrait of Terentius Neo).. In the study of history as an academic discipline, a primary source (also called an original source) is an artifact, document, diary, manuscript, autobiography, recording, or any other source of information that was created at the time ...
Secondary sources are written accounts of history based upon the evidence from primary sources. These are sources which, usually, are accounts, works, or research that analyze, assimilate, evaluate, interpret, and/or synthesize primary sources. These are not as authoritative and are supplemental documents concerning the subject under consideration.
The Rigveda is the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text. [6] Its early layers are among the oldest extant texts in any Indo-European language . [ 7 ] [ note 2 ] Some scholars claim that the sounds and texts of the Rigveda have been orally transmitted since the 2nd millennium BCE, [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] though Jamison and Brereton note that the dates ...
The set up and layout of the Unas pyramid were replicated and expanded on for future pyramids. The causeway ran 750 meters long and is still in good condition, unlike many causeways found in similar ancient Egyptian pyramids. [60] In the pyramid of Unas, the ritual texts could be found in the underlying supporting structure.