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Most of the victims died from inhaling poisonous gases, including carbon monoxide. After the fire, the technical institution INTI found that the level of toxicity due to the materials and volume of the building was 225 ppm of cyanide in the air. A lethal dose for rats is between 150 ppm and 220 ppm, meaning the air in the building was highly toxic.
Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure [1] or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours). [ 2 ] To be described as acute toxicity, the adverse effects should occur within 14 days of the administration of the substance.
Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC 50 (median lethal concentration) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or permanent injury), and/or exposure limits (TLV, TWA/PEL, STEL, or REL) determined by the ACGIH professional association.
[1] [10] It is the most common type of fatal poisoning in many countries. [11] In the United States, non-fire related cases result in more than 400 deaths a year. [1] Poisonings occur more often in the winter, particularly from the use of portable generators during power outages. [2] [12] The toxic effects of CO have been known since ancient ...
Most of the poisoning deaths analyzed in the new study occurred in infants. White children accounted for nearly 44% of the deaths in which race was documented, Black children made up nearly 33% ...
The botulinum toxin as the most toxic substance known has an LD 50 value of 1 ng/kg, while the most non-toxic substance water has an LD 50 value of more than 90 g/kg; a difference of about 1 in 100 billion, or 11 orders of magnitude. As with all measured values that differ by many orders of magnitude, a logarithmic view is advisable.
Iron poisoning can occur when doses of 20 to 60 mg/kg or more of elemental iron is ingested with most cases reporting primarily gastrointestinal symptoms. [4] Systemic signs and symptoms shown in serious toxicity occur at higher doses exceeding 60 mg/kg. [5] Ingesting above 120 mg/kg may be fatal. [4]
Death is highly likely, and radiation poisoning is almost certain if one is caught in the open with no terrain or building masking-effects within a radius of 0–3 km from a 1 megaton airburst. The 50% chance of death from the blast extends out to ~8 km from a 1 megaton atmospheric explosion.