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[6] [7] NoSQL databases are increasingly used in big data and real-time web applications. [8] Motivations for this approach include simplicity of design, simpler "horizontal" scaling to clusters of machines (which is a problem for relational databases), [5] finer control over availability, and limiting the object-relational impedance mismatch. [9]
According to computer scientist Eric Brewer of the University of California, Berkeley, the theorem first appeared in autumn 1998. [9] It was published as the CAP principle in 1999 [10] and presented as a conjecture by Brewer at the 2000 Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC). [11]
In database normalization, unnormalized form (UNF or 0NF), also known as an unnormalized relation or non-first normal form (N1NF or NF 2), [1] is a database data model (organization of data in a database) which does not meet any of the conditions of database normalization defined by the relational model.
First normal form (1NF) is a property of a relation in a relational database.A relation is in first normal form if and only if no attribute domain has relations as elements. [1]
This leads to problems when trying to translate programming objects to and from their associated database rows, a problem known as object-relational impedance mismatch. [4] Document stores more closely, or in some cases directly, map programming objects into the store. These are often marketed using the term NoSQL.
The elementary key normal form (EKNF) falls strictly between 3NF and BCNF and is not much discussed in the literature. It is intended "to capture the salient qualities of both 3NF and BCNF" while avoiding the problems of both (namely, that 3NF is "too forgiving" and BCNF is "prone to computational complexity"). Since it is rarely mentioned in ...
Query optimization is a feature of many relational database management systems and other databases such as NoSQL and graph databases.The query optimizer attempts to determine the most efficient way to execute a given query by considering the possible query plans.
Object–relational impedance mismatch is a set of difficulties going between data in relational data stores and data in domain-driven object models. Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) is the standard method for storing data in a dedicated database, while object-oriented (OO) programming is the default method for business-centric design in programming languages.