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  2. Relatively hyperbolic group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relatively_hyperbolic_group

    In mathematics, relatively hyperbolic groups form an important class of groups of interest for geometric group theory.The main purpose in their study is to extend the theory of Gromov-hyperbolic groups to groups that may be regarded as hyperbolic assemblies of subgroups , called peripheral subgroups, in a way that enables "hyperbolic reduction" of problems for to problems for the s.

  3. Algebraic geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_geometry

    Algebraic geometry is a branch of mathematics which uses abstract algebraic techniques, mainly from commutative algebra, to solve geometrical problems. Classically, it studies zeros of multivariate polynomials ; the modern approach generalizes this in a few different aspects.

  4. Constructible number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructible_number

    Although his proof was faulty, it was the first paper to attempt to solve the problem using algebraic properties of π. It was not until 1882 that Ferdinand von Lindemann rigorously proved its impossibility, by extending the work of Charles Hermite and proving that π is a transcendental number.

  5. Polynomial method in combinatorics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial_method_in...

    In mathematics, the polynomial method is an algebraic approach to combinatorics problems that involves capturing some combinatorial structure using polynomials and proceeding to argue about their algebraic properties. Recently, the polynomial method has led to the development of remarkably simple solutions to several long-standing open problems ...

  6. Ring theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_theory

    This correspondence has been enlarged and systematized for translating (and proving) most geometrical properties of algebraic varieties into algebraic properties of associated commutative rings. Alexander Grothendieck completed this by introducing schemes , a generalization of algebraic varieties, which may be built from any commutative ring.

  7. Moduli space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moduli_space

    The language of algebraic stacks essentially provides a systematic way to view the fibred category that constitutes the moduli problem as a "space", and the moduli stack of many moduli problems is better-behaved (such as smooth) than the corresponding coarse moduli space.