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t. e. A troubadour (English: / ˈtruːbədʊər, - dɔːr /, French: [tʁubaduʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: trobador [tɾuβaˈðu] ⓘ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word troubadour is etymologically masculine, a female equivalent is usually called a trobairitz.
Trouvère (/ truːˈvɛər /, French: [tʁuvɛʁ]), sometimes spelled trouveur (/ truːˈvɜːr /, French: [tʁuvœʁ]), is the Northern French (langue d'oïl) form of the langue d'oc (Occitan) word trobador, the precursor of the modern French word troubadour. Trouvère refers to poet-composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced ...
List of troubadours and trobairitz; Medieval music; Provençal literature; Marie de France - the only female composer from northern France: the northern term trouvère did not have a female equivalent (as trobairitz is the female equivalent of troubadour) List of Medieval composers; List of female composers
Medieval music encompasses the sacred and secular music of Western Europe during the Middle Ages, [1] from approximately the 6th to 15th centuries. It is the first and longest major era of Western classical music and is followed by the Renaissance music; the two eras comprise what musicologists generally term as early music, preceding the common practice period.
Bernart de Ventadorn (also Bernard de Ventadour or Bernat del Ventadorn; c. 1130–1140 – c. 1190–1200) was a French poet-composer troubadour of the classical age of troubadour poetry. [1] Generally regarded as the most important troubadour in both poetry and music, [1] his 18 extant melodies of 45 known poems in total is the most to ...
Adam de la Halle (1245–50 – 1285–8/after 1306) was a French poet-composer trouvère. [1] Among the few medieval composers to write both monophonic and polyphonic music, in this respect he has been considered both a conservative and progressive composer, resulting in a complex legacy: he cultivated admired representatives of older trouvère genres, but also experimented with newer ...
French music originated as a unified style in medieval times, focusing around the Notre-Dame school of composers. This group developed the motet , a specific musical composition. Notable in the high Middle Ages were the troubadours and trouvères soon began touring France, composing and performing many original songs.
The music of the troubadours and trouvères was performed by minstrels called joglars (Occitan) or jongleurs (French). As early as 1321, the minstrels of Paris were formed into a guild. [6] A guild of royal minstrels was organized in England in 1469. [6] Minstrels were required to either join the guild or abstain from practising their craft.