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In 3G, the most prevalent technology was UMTS with CDMA-2000 in close contention. All radio access technologies have to solve the same problems: to divide the finite RF spectrum among multiple users as efficiently as possible. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA for user and cell separation. UMTS, IS-95 and CDMA-2000 use CDMA. WiMAX and LTE use OFDM.
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a 3G mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard. Developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), UMTS is a component of the International Telecommunication Union IMT-2000 standard set and compares with the CDMA2000 standard set for networks based on the competing cdmaOne technology.
In telecommunications, long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA standards.
HSUPA was the second major step in the UMTS evolution process. It has since been superseded by newer technologies with higher transfer rates, such as LTE (150 Mbit/s for downlink and 50 Mbit/s for uplink) and LTE Advanced (maximum downlink rates of over 1 Gbit/s).
The user's data flow bypasses the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and the SGSN of the previous 3GPP UMTS architecture versions, thus simplifying the architecture, reducing costs and delays. This is nearly identical to the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) flat architecture as defined in the 3GPP standard Rel-8. The changes allow cost-effective ...
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) is a collective term for the network and equipment that connects mobile handsets to the public telephone network or the Internet. It contains the base stations, which are called Node B 's and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) [ 1 ] which make up the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS ...
LTE Aug 2021 5 MHz, UMTS: 20 MHz May 2015 10 MHz, GSM: N/A: N/A: 10 MHz DSS 5G NR Nov 2022 LTE Nov 2022 or 5 MHz LTE Jun 2017 and 5 MHz, UMTS, GSM - - N/A: 20 MHz Mar ...
The access stratum (AS) in computer networking and telecommunications is a functional layer in the UMTS and LTE wireless telecom protocol stacks between radio network and user equipment. [1] While the definition of the access stratum is very different between UMTS and LTE , in both cases the access stratum is responsible for transporting data ...