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Chloroquine retinopathy is a form of toxic retinopathy (damage of the retina) caused by the drugs chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, which are sometimes used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This eye toxicity limits long-term use of the drugs. [3]
There are several causes of toxic optic neuropathy. [1] Among these are: ingestion of methanol (wood alcohol), ethylene glycol (automotive antifreeze), disulfiram (used to treat chronic alcoholism), halogenated hydroquinolones (amebicidal medications), ethambutol and isoniazid (tuberculosis treatment), and antibiotics such as linezolid and chloramphenicol as well as chloroquine and the related ...
Macular toxicity is related to the total cumulative dose rather than the daily dose. Regular eye screening, even in the absence of visual symptoms, is recommended to begin when either of these risk factors occurs. [22] Toxicity from hydroxychloroquine may be seen in two distinct areas of the eye: the cornea and the macula.
Retinopathy: If left untreated, any type of retinopathy (including diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy, anemic retinopathy, [8] etc.) can damage retina and lead to visual field defects and blindness. [9] Hypervitaminosis A: Excess consumption of vitamin A can cause blurred vision. [10]
Confrontation visual field testing is an important part of a routine ophthalmological or neurological examination. It can be used for rapid and gross assessment of large-scale visual field problems due to ophthalmological or neurological diseases, such as homonymous and heteronymous hemianopias, quadranopsia, altitudinal visual loss, central/centrocecal scotoma etc. [1] [2] Test using a red ...
People with vision loss from ethambutol toxicity lose vision in both eyes equally. This initially presents with problems with colors (dyschromatopsia) and can leave central visual deficits. If vision loss occurs while using ethambutol, it would be best to discontinue this medication under a doctor's supervision.
Perimetry or campimetry is one way to systematically test the visual field. [1] [failed verification] It is the systematic measurement of differential light sensitivity in the visual field by the detection of the presence of test targets on a defined background. Perimetry more carefully maps and quantifies the visual field, especially at the ...
A World Health Organization infographic that states that hydroxychloroquine does not prevent illness or death from COVID-19. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial medications also used against some auto-immune diseases. [65] Chloroquine, along with hydroxychloroquine, was an early experimental treatment for COVID-19. [66]