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A roughing pump is any vacuum pump (typically mechanical) used to initially evacuate a vacuum system, as a first stage towards achieving high vacuum or ultra high vacuum.The term "roughing pump" derives from the vacuum range it works in, "rough vacuum", above 1x10 −3 torr (0.1 Pa).
Most turbomolecular pumps employ multiple stages, each consisting of a quickly rotating rotor blade and stationary stator blade pair. The system is an axial compressor that puts energy into the gas, rather than a turbine, which takes energy out of a moving fluid to create rotary power, thus "turbomolecular pump" is a misnomer.
Sorption pumps are a type of cryopump that is often used as roughing pumps to reduce pressures from the range of atmospheric to on the order of 0.1 Pa (10 −3 Torr), while lower pressures are achieved using a finishing pump (see vacuum).
Most general pumps can increase as well as decrease the pressure of a gas; however, this category contains pumps that are usually exclusively used to decrease pressure. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vacuum pumps .
In the first stage, a roughing pump clears most of the gas from the chamber. This is followed by one or more vacuum pumps that operate at low pressures. Pumps commonly used in this second stage to achieve UHV include: Turbomolecular pumps (especially compound pumps which incorporate a molecular drag section and/or magnetic bearing types) Ion pumps
Vacuum systems usually consist of gauges, vapor jet and pumps, vapor traps and valves along with other extensional piping. A vessel that is operating under vacuum system may be any of these types such as processing tank, steam simulator, particle accelerator, or any other type of space that has an enclosed chamber to maintain the system in less than atmospheric gas pressure.
The Roots blower is one example of a vacuum pump. A vacuum pump is a type of pump device that draws gas particles from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum. The first vacuum pump was invented in 1650 by Otto von Guericke, and was preceded by the suction pump, which dates to antiquity. [1]
The sorption pump is a cyclic pump and its cycle has 3 phases: sorption, desorption and regeneration. In the sorption phase the pump is actually used to create a vacuum. . This is achieved by cooling the pump body to low temperatures, typically by immersing it in a Dewar flask filled with liquid nitro