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Low-dose spironolactone is generally very well tolerated. [63] Even higher doses of spironolactone, such as 100 mg/day, are well tolerated in most individuals. [63] Dose-dependent side effects of spironolactone include menstrual irregularities, breast tenderness, and enlargement, orthostatic hypotension, and hyperkalemia. [63]
The onset of action of the antimineralocorticoid effects of spironolactone is relatively slow, with the peak effect sometimes occurring 48 hours or more after the first dose. [ 1 ] [ 24 ] Canrenone is an antagonist of the MR as is spironolactone, [ 25 ] but it is slightly more potent in comparison.
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Spirolactones are a class of functional group in organic chemistry featuring a cyclic ester attached spiro to another ring system. The name is also used to refer to a class of synthetic steroids, called steroid-17α-spirolactones, 17α-spirolactosteroids, or simply 17α-spirolactones, which feature their spirolactone group at the C17α position.
The following is a timeline of events in the history of antiandrogens: [218] 1941: Hudgins and Hodges show that androgen deprivation via high-dose estrogen therapy or surgical castration treats prostate cancer; 1957: The steroidal antiandrogen spironolactone is first synthesized [219]
[12] [13] Due to its activity as an androgen receptor antagonist and progesterone receptor agonist, spironolactone causes adverse effects, including gynecomastia or decreased libido in males and menstrual abnormalities in females. [14] Spironolactone also causes hyperkalemia [15] and renal insufficiency. [16]
Medication costs can be the selling price from the manufacturer, that price together with shipping, the wholesale price, the retail price, and the dispensed price. [3]The dispensed price or prescription cost is defined as a cost which the patient has to pay to get medicines or treatments which are written as directions on prescription by a prescribers. [4]
The lowest price reported by these 12 organizations was US$0.0138 per pill, and the highest price was US$0.0372 per pill, with a median price of US$0.0185 per pill, down 5%. The High/Low Ratio was 2.70.