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By contrast, the envelope of gram-negative bacteria is more complex and consists (from inside to outside) of the cytoplasmic membrane, a thin layer of peptidoglycan, and an additional outer membrane, also called the lipopolysaccharide layer. Other bacterial cell surface structures range from disorganised slime layers to highly structured capsules.
Navicula diatoms are highly motile and move through a gliding movement [3] [4] [5] This is done through excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). One form of EPS surrounds the outside of the cell and another is excreted through a slit in the frustule called a raphe, allowing the cell to glide along a track.
"Intragenomic nucleotide polymorphism among small subunit (18s) rDNA paralogs in the diatom genus skeletonema (bacillariophyta) 1." Journal of phycology 41.6 (2005): 1248–1257. Vargas, Cristian A., Rubén Escribano, and Serge Poulet. "Phytoplankton food quality determines time windows for successful zooplankton reproductive pulses."
The cell itself consists of two halves, each containing an essentially flat plate, or valve, and marginal connecting, or girdle band. One half, the hypotheca, is slightly smaller than the other half, the epitheca. Diatom morphology varies. Although the shape of the cell is typically circular, some cells may be triangular, square, or elliptical.
Bacillaria paxillifer was originally described under the name Vibrio paxillifer by Otto Frederick Müller in 1786. It is the first diatom species known to be described. [5] It was separately described two years later (1788) by Johann Friedrich Gmelin as Bacillaria paradoxa.
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For many years the diatoms—treated either as a class (Bacillariophyceae) or a phylum (Bacillariophyta)—were divided into just 2 orders, corresponding to the centric and the pennate diatoms (Centrales and Pennales; alternative names Biddulphiales and Bacillariales, as used e.g. in Lee, 1989). [9]
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