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Loans were made at a customary fixed 20% interest rate; this custom was continued in Babylon, Mesopotamia and written into the Code of Hammurabi. [10] The first known bond in history dates from circa 2400BC in Nippur, Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). [11] It guaranteed the payment of grain by the principal.
For fixed rate bonds, the coupon is fixed throughout the life of the bond. For floating rate notes, the coupon varies throughout the life of the bond and is based on the movement of a money market reference rate (historically this was generally LIBOR, but with its discontinuation the market reference rate has transitioned to SOFR).
If a bond's compounded interest does not meet the guaranteed doubling of the purchase price, Treasury will make a one-time adjustment to the maturity value at 20 years, giving it an effective rate of 3.5%. The bond will continue to earn the fixed rate for 10 more years. All interest is paid when the holder cashes the bond.
The I bond fixed rate in November 2021 and May 2022 — when rates were soaring — had a 0% fixed rate. The fixed rate increased last November to 0.4% for those who purchased the bonds through April.
Going up to the 1.3% fixed rate is considered to be a fairly dramatic jump in the history of I Bonds. One has to go back to November 2007 to find an I Bond fixed rate at 1% or higher.
The annualized yield for the latest I bonds is 5.27% — a hefty fixed rate of 1.30%, plus the 3.97% variable rate, which will reset again in May. By contrast, the I bond fixed rate in November ...