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Ocean stratification is the natural separation of an ocean's water into horizontal layers by density. This is generally stable stratification , because warm water floats on top of cold water, and heating is mostly from the sun, which reinforces that arrangement.
The Atlantic Ocean meets the Indian Ocean south of Africa at Cape Agulhas. The Indian Ocean, the third largest, extends northward from the Southern Ocean to India, the Arabian Peninsula, and Southeast Asia in Asia, and between Africa in the west and Australia in the east. The Indian Ocean joins the Pacific Ocean to the east, near Australia.
Water is the medium of the oceans, the medium which carries all the substances and elements involved in the marine biogeochemical cycles. Water as found in nature almost always includes dissolved substances, so water has been described as the "universal solvent" for its ability to dissolve so many substances.
The driving force in stratification is gravity, which sorts adjacent arbitrary volumes of water by local density, operating on them by buoyancy and weight.A volume of water of lower density than the surroundings will have a resultant buoyant force lifting it upwards, and a volume with higher density will be pulled down by the weight which will be greater than the resultant buoyant forces ...
Brine pools are sometimes called sea floor "lakes" because the dense brine does not easily mix with overlying seawater, creating a distinct interface between water masses. The pools range in area from less than 1 square metre (11 sq ft) to as large as the 120-square-kilometre (46 sq mi) Orca Basin . [ 2 ]
The oceans are not just a marine habitat. They are also a workplace, a highway, a prison, a grocery store, a trash can, a cemetery — and much more. Why we need to think about the oceans differently
The ocean's ailments are approaching a boiling point. Coral is bleaching, kelp is disappearing, surface water temperature has hit hot-tub levels. The ocean's ailments are approaching a boiling point.
Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean' and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing'), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology.