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While some studies have found that vitamin D 3 raises 25(OH)D blood levels faster and remains active in the body longer, [42] [43] others contend that vitamin D 2 sources are equally bioavailable and effective for raising and sustaining 25(OH)D. [44] [45] If digestive disorders compromise absorption, then intramuscular injection of up to ...
CYP24A1 also is able to catalyze another pathway which starts with 23-hydroxylation of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 and culminates in 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3-26,23-lactone. [ 6 ] The side chains of the ergocalciferol (vitamin D 2 ) derivatives, 25-OH-D 2 and 1,25-(OH) 2 D 2 , are also hydroxylated by CYP24A1.
CYP2R1 is cytochrome P450 2R1, an enzyme which is the principal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. [5] [6] In humans it is encoded by the CYP2R1 gene located on chromosome 11p15.2. [7]It is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum in liver, where it performs the first step in the activation of vitamin D by catalyzing the formation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. [8]
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase (VD 1A hydroxylase) also known as calcidiol 1-monooxygenase [5] or cytochrome p450 27B1 (CYP27B1) or simply 1-alpha-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP27B1 gene.
Calcitriol is a hormone and the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. [8] [9] [10] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.It binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. [11]
Some medications may interfere with vitamin D metabolism and absorption, including certain anti-seizure and antifungal drugs, glucocorticoids, cholestyramine and certain HIV/AIDS medications. Have ...
CYP24A1 appears to be "a multicatalytic enzyme catalyzing most, if not all, of the reactions in the C-24/C-23 pathway of 25-OH-D 3 metabolism." [5] It has been proposed that 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 is a metabolite of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 which is destined for excretion. [5]
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