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[2] According to Gibson, the term criminology was most likely coined in 1885 by Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo as Criminologia . [2] In the late 19th century, French anthropologist Paul Topinard used the analogous French term Criminologie . [3] Criminology grew substantially as a discipline in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
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The term crime does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, [2] though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. [3] The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. [2]
Phenomenological criminology is an outlook on the causation of crime. Its roots are derived from phenomenology , that an idea is relevant only to the human mind and human consciousness , and imperceptible to the outside world.
Age of onset (or onset age) is a term that is used in criminology in reference to the age at which the offense of a crime is first committed by a specific person. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] References
Blue-collar crime is a term used to identify crime, normally of a small scale nature in contrast to “white-collar crime”, and is generally attributed to people of the lower class. During the 1910s through to the 1920s in America, manual labourers often opted for blue shirts, so that stains gained from days at work were less visible. [ 2 ]
Criminalization or criminalisation, in criminology, is "the process by which behaviors and individuals are transformed into crime and criminals". [1] Previously legal acts may be transformed into crimes by legislation or judicial decision.
Crime science increasingly being cited in criminology text books and journals papers (sometimes claimed as a new branch of criminology, and sometimes reviled as anti-criminology). [ citation needed ] A move in traditional criminology towards the aims originally set out by Ross in his concern for a more evidence-based, scientific approach to ...