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Early pregnancy bleeding (also called first trimester bleeding) is vaginal bleeding before 14 weeks of gestational age. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If the bleeding is significant, hemorrhagic shock may occur. [ 1 ] Concern for shock is increased in those who have loss of consciousness , chest pain, shortness of breath , or shoulder pain.
Vaginal bleeding occurs during 15–25% of first trimester pregnancies. [29] Of these, half go on to miscarry and half bring the fetus to term. [30] There are a number of causes including complications to the placenta, such as placental abruption and placenta previa.
Symptoms include vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, premature labor and threatened miscarriage. [6] Ultrasonography is the preferred method of diagnosis. [7] A chorionic hematoma appears on ultrasound as a hypoechoic crescent adjacent to the gestational sac. The hematoma is considered small if it is under 20% of the size of the sac and large if ...
Bleeding before childbirth is that which occurs after 24 weeks of pregnancy. [4] Bleeding may be vaginal or less commonly into the abdominal cavity. Bleeding which occurs before 24 weeks is known as early pregnancy bleeding. Causes of bleeding before and during childbirth include cervicitis, placenta previa, placental abruption and uterine rupture.
Implantation bleeding may be confused with a regular period. [3] [4] Heavy vaginal bleeding in the first trimester or bleeding associated with pain, may be a sign of a complication, such as a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy, that would need to be assessed by a healthcare provider. [5]
First trimester bleeding [ edit ] Causes of vaginal bleeding early in pregnancy include miscarriage (including inevitable, incomplete, or complete abortion), embryo implantation and growth outside the uterus ( ectopic pregnancy ), and placenta attachment at the bottom of the uterus over the cervix ( placenta previa ), all of which can cause ...
Risk factors include infection of the amniotic fluid, prior PROM, bleeding in the later parts of pregnancy, smoking, and a mother who is underweight. [2] Diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and speculum exam and may be supported by testing the vaginal fluid or by ultrasound. [2]
For example, if there is a gestational age based on the beginning of the last menstrual period of 9.0 weeks, and a first-trimester obstetric ultrasonography gives an estimated gestational age of 10.0 weeks (with a 2 SD variability of ±8% of the estimate, thereby giving a variability of ±0.8 weeks), the difference of 1.0 weeks between the ...