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It consists of three separate but related issues: data alignment, data structure padding, and packing. The CPU in modern computer hardware performs reads and writes to memory most efficiently when the data is naturally aligned , which generally means that the data's memory address is a multiple of the data size.
In cryptography, padding is any of a number of distinct practices which all include adding data to the beginning, middle, or end of a message prior to encryption. In classical cryptography, padding may include adding nonsense phrases to a message to obscure the fact that many messages end in predictable ways, e.g. sincerely yours.
In computational complexity theory, the padding argument is a tool to conditionally prove that if some complexity classes are equal, then some other bigger classes are also equal. Example [ edit ]
In cryptography, Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP) is a padding scheme often used together with RSA encryption. OAEP was introduced by Bellare and Rogaway , [ 1 ] and subsequently standardized in PKCS#1 v2 and RFC 2437.
The circular padding is where the pixel outside wraps around to the other side of the image. If H {\displaystyle H} is not expressible as k s + f {\displaystyle ks+f} where k {\displaystyle k} is an integer, then for computing the entries of the output tensor on the boundaries, max pooling would attempt to take as inputs variables off the tensor.
In computing, output padding is the insertion of non-printing characters into the device output stream to allow for a preceding control operation to take effect. Output padding was necessary on many printing devices, notably Teletype and other mechanical terminals, after the issuance of a carriage return . [ 1 ]
A deterministic encryption scheme (as opposed to a probabilistic encryption scheme) is a cryptosystem which always produces the same ciphertext for a given plaintext and key, even over separate executions of the encryption algorithm.
In logic and computer science, the Boolean satisfiability problem [a] asks if there exists an interpretation that satisfies a given Boolean formula. In other words, it asks can a Boolean formula's variables be assigned TRUE or FALSE to make the formula TRUE. If this is the case, the formula is called satisfiable, else it is unsatisfiable.