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  2. Photoelectric effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect

    The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a material caused by electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons. The phenomenon is studied in condensed matter physics, solid state, and quantum chemistry to draw inferences about the properties of atoms, molecules and ...

  3. Photoelectrochemical process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectrochemical_process

    This formula defines the photoelectric effect. Not every photon which encounters an atom or ion will photoionize it. The probability of photoionization is related to the photoionization cross-section, which depends on the energy of the photon and the target being considered. For photon energies below the ionization threshold, the ...

  4. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_photoelectron...

    XPS physics - the photoelectric effect.. Because the energy of an X-ray with particular wavelength is known (for Al K α X-rays, E photon = 1486.7 eV), and because the emitted electrons' kinetic energies are measured, the electron binding energy of each of the emitted electrons can be determined by using the photoelectric effect equation,

  5. Attenuation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation

    This is mainly due to the photoelectric effect which states that "the probability of photoelectric absorption is approximately proportional to (Z/E) 3, where Z is the atomic number of the tissue atom and E is the photon energy. [15] In context of this, an increase in photon energy (E) will result in a rapid decrease in the interaction with matter.

  6. Heinrich Hertz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz

    In 1887, he made observations of the photoelectric effect and of the production and reception of electromagnetic (EM) waves, published in the journal Annalen der Physik. His receiver consisted of a coil with a spark gap, whereby a spark would be seen upon detection of EM waves. He placed the apparatus in a darkened box to see the spark better.

  7. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle-resolved...

    It is based on the photoelectric effect, in which an incoming photon of sufficient energy ejects an electron from the surface of a material. By directly measuring the kinetic energy and emission angle distributions of the emitted photoelectrons, the technique can map the electronic band structure and Fermi surfaces .

  8. Photoelectrochemical cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectrochemical_cell

    Both types of device are varieties of solar cell, in that a photoelectrochemical cell's function is to use the photoelectric effect (or, very similarly, the photovoltaic effect) to convert electromagnetic radiation (typically sunlight) either directly into electrical power, or into something which can itself be easily used to produce electrical ...

  9. Photodiode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodiode

    A photodiode is a PIN structure or p–n junction.When a photon of sufficient energy strikes the diode, it creates an electron–hole pair. This mechanism is also known as the inner photoelectric effect.