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The Red River Valley is a region in central North America that is drained by the Red River of the North; it is part of both Canada and the United States.Forming the border between Minnesota and North Dakota when these territories were admitted as states in the United States, this fertile valley has been important to the economies of these states and to Manitoba, Canada.
(The Red River actively meanders, as shown by comparing current maps of the political boundaries with those defined by the river's course decades ago.) The Red River Campaign (March–May 1864) was fought along the Red River Valley in Louisiana during the American Civil War. It was part of a failed attempt by the Union to occupy eastern Texas.
The mouth of the Red River forms a freshwater river delta called the Netley–Libau Marsh. [4] The Netley Marsh is west of the Red and the Libau Marsh is east, forming a 26,000-hectare (64,000-acre) wetland. Southern Manitoba has a frost-free season of between 120 and 140 days per year in the Red River Valley. [5]
To the west of the Red River Valley is the Drift Prairie and the Missouri Plateau (or Missouri Coteau). The Drift Prairie is bordered on the north by the Turtle Mountains and separated from the Red River Valley by the Pembina Hills. This area rises from 200 to 2,000 feet over the Red River Valley.
The valley walls, including the escarpment to the west, provided east and west boundaries for the lake, and remaining part of the ice sheet provided the northern boundary. During this period of time—known as the Lockhart Phase of Lake Agassiz—water flowed south from the lake into the Mississippi River and into the Gulf of Mexico. [3] [4] [5]
The paths between these posts became parts of the first of the Red River Trails. [16] In 1815, 1822, and 1823, cattle were herded to the Red River Colony from Missouri by a route up the Des Moines River Valley to the Minnesota River, across the divide, then down the Red River to the Selkirk settlement. [17]
Map of Minnesota bedrock by age. Shaded relief image: Superior Upland in the northeast, the flat Red River Valley in the northwest, Central Minnesota's irregular landscape, the Coteau des Prairies and Minnesota River in the southwest, and the southeast's dissected Driftless Area along the Mississippi River below its confluences with the Minnesota and St. Croix in East Central Minnesota
The Red River Valley and Western Railroad (reporting mark RRVW) is a regional railroad operating in the US states of North Dakota and Minnesota. It began operations in 1987 in an era of railroad restructuring. Its 648 miles (1,043 km) of track, originally acquired from the Burlington Northern Railroad, included: