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  2. Knee replacement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_replacement

    Hip-knee-shaft angle (HKS), [10] an angle formed between a line through the longitudinal axis of the femoral shaft and its mechanical axis, which is a line from the center of the femoral head to the intercondylar notch of the distal femur. [12]

  3. Anatomical terms of location - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location

    For example, in horses, the eyes are caudal to the nose and rostral to the back of the head. These terms are generally preferred in veterinary medicine and not used as often in human medicine. [42] [43] [44] In humans, "cranial" and "cephalic" are used to refer to the skull, with "cranial" being used more commonly. The term "rostral" is rarely ...

  4. Ottawa knee rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_knee_rules

    The Ottawa knee rules are a set of rules used to help physicians determine whether an x-ray of the knee is needed. [1] They state that an X-ray is required only in patients who have an acute knee injury with one or more of the following: Age 55 years or older; Tenderness at head of fibula; Isolated tenderness of patella

  5. Femoral fracture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femoral_fracture

    A femoral fracture is a bone fracture that involves the femur. They are typically sustained in high-impact trauma, such as car crashes , due to the large amount of force needed to break the bone. Fractures of the diaphysis , or middle of the femur, are managed differently from those at the head, neck, and trochanter ; those are conventionally ...

  6. Lower extremity of femur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_extremity_of_femur

    The lower extremity of femur (or distal extremity) is the lower end of the femur (thigh bone) in human and other animals, closer to the knee. It is larger than the upper extremity of femur, is somewhat cuboid in form, but its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior; it consists of two oblong eminences known as the lateral condyle and medial condyle.

  7. Posterolateral corner injuries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterolateral_Corner_Injuries

    It attaches on the femur just proximal and posterior to the femoral lateral epicondyle and extends approximately 70 mm down the knee to attach to the fibular head. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] From 0° to 30° of knee flexion , the FCL is the main structure preventing varus opening of the knee joint.

  8. Patellar dislocation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_dislocation

    Direct trauma to the knee displacing the patella is rare. [3] Displacement of the patella laterally out of its groove strains the medial stabilizing connective tissues, particularly the medial patellofemoral ligament (supporting 50–80% of the knee mechanisms in lateral patellar glide), which is torn usually at its femoral attachment. [3]

  9. Pauwel's angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauwel's_angle

    Pauwel's angle is the angle between the line of a fracture of the neck of the femur and the horizontal as seen on an anterio-posterior radiograph. [1] Pauwel's angle is named after the German orthopedist Friedrich Pauwels. [2] Introduced in 1935, this system was the first biomechanical classification for femoral neck fractures, and is still in ...