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Later armets have a visor. A stereotypical knight's helm. Favoured in Italy. Close helmet or close helm: 15th to 16th century: A bowl helmet with a moveable visor, very similar visually to an armet and often the two are confused. However, it lacks the hinged cheekplates of an armet and instead has a movable bevor, hinged in common with the ...
The first recorded European reference to a helmet's visor in the Middle Ages is found in the 1298 will of Odo de Roussillon, which speaks of a heume a vissere. [4] Whether this statement refers to a pivoting visor or a fixed faceplate is not clear; but by the early fourteenth century artistic depictions of moving visors appear quite frequently. [4]
The Cavalieri Addobbati, also known as Cavalieri di Corredo, were the elite among Italian knights in the Middle Ages. The two names are derived from addobbo, the old name for decoration, and corredo, meaning equipment. [1] These were knights who could afford elaborate clothes, armor and equipment for themselves, their charger and their palfrey. [2]
The shape of the scutum allowed packed formations of legionaries to overlap their shields to provide an effective barrier against projectiles. The most novel use was the testudo, which consisted of legionaries holding shields above themselves to protect against descending projectiles such as arrows, spears, or objects thrown by defenders on walls.
The heraldry of the shield was first seen among the aristocratic elite of counts, before spreading by imitation to squire lords and then to ordinary knights. [ Ha 3 ] By the end of the twelfth century and into the thirteenth, coats of arms were being adopted by all noblemen, right down to simple squires.
At least two distinctive features of heraldry are generally accepted as products of the Crusades: the surcoat, an outer garment worn over the armor to protect the wearer from the heat of the sun, was often decorated with the same devices that appeared on a knight's shield. It is from this garment that the phrase "coat of arms" is derived.
Shield of Ajax, a huge shield made of seven cow-hides with a layer of bronze. (Greek mythology) Ancile, the shield of the Roman god Mars. One divine shield fell from heaven during the reign of Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome. He ordered eleven copies made to confuse would-be thieves. (Roman mythology)
Ritterfrömmigkeit is the unique strand of piety held by knights which is more than just a belief in God or fighting in defense of God.Marcus Bull said, "One of the most important features of the piety of eleventh-century arms-bearers was that it was associative, passive to the extent that it was inspired and sustained by the spiritual resources of a monastic or clerical élite."