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An amniotic stem cell bank is a facility that stores stem cells derived from amniotic fluid for future use. Stem cell samples in private (or family) banks are stored specifically for use by the individual person from whom such cells have been collected and the banking costs are paid by such person.
Cord blood banking [34] refers to the collection at birth, processing, testing, cryopreservation and storage of stem cells from the umbilical cord blood. Cord blood, also called "placental blood", is blood that remains in the umbilical cord and placenta following the birth of a baby and after the umbilical cord is cut.
Cord blood contains hematopoietic stem cells (which can differentiate only into blood cells), and should not be confused with embryonic stem cells or pluripotent stem cells, which can differentiate into any cell in the body. [2] [3] Cord blood stem cells are blood cell progenitors which can form red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets ...
Cord blood is composed of all the elements found in whole blood – red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, platelets. [6] Compared to whole blood some differences in the blood composition exist, for example, cord blood contains higher numbers of natural killer cells, lower absolute number of T-cells and a higher proportion of immature T-cells. [7]
Stem cells can also be taken from umbilical cord blood just after birth. Of all stem cell types, autologous harvesting involves the least risk. By definition, autologous cells are obtained from one's own body, just as one may bank their own blood for elective surgical procedures. [citation needed]
The National Stem Cell Bank was established in October 2005 in Madison, Wisconsin in order to serve as a repository specifically for stem cell lines. It currently hosts 13 of the 21 stem cell lines that exist in the world and are listed on the Stem Cell Registry hosted by the National Institutes of Health. [13]
The community stem cell banking is claimed to be among the largest and only one of its kind in India. [3] It was reported in 2017 that LifeCell had preserved stem cells from 3,00,000 individuals [4] in India and was expected to add 60,000 individuals every year in the future [5]
The company was established in 2007 by the Virgin Group to combine storage services with educational initiatives for families and the medical community. [1] [2]Cord blood banking enables stem cells to be collected from the blood remaining in a baby's umbilical cord and then cryo-preserved so that they can be used in therapies should the child or other matched recipients require them.