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Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a form of depression that may occur after a stroke. PSD significantly impacts stroke recovery and the overall quality of life of those affected. It is particularly associated with strokes affecting the basal ganglia or the anterior regions of the brain, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
The basal ganglia is a collective group of structures in the brain. These include the striatum, (composed of the putamen and caudate nucleus), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus. Along with other structures, the basal ganglia are part of a neural circuit that is integral to voluntary motor function. [1]
Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD) is a rare disease that affects the nervous system, particularly the basal ganglia in the brain. [4] It is a treatable neurometabolic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance.
Included in these fundamental features are problems with cortical processing, dysfunction of the basal ganglia, and a sudden and detrimental onset. [2] Psychiatric and cognitive dysfunctions, although present in CBD, are much less prevalent and lack establishment as common indicators of the presence of the disease.
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) describes a temporary set of symptoms due to decreased blood flow in the posterior circulation of the brain.The posterior circulation supplies the medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum and (in 70-80% of people) supplies the posterior cerebellar artery to the thalamus and occipital cortex. [1]
The basal ganglia play a key role in movement and behavior control. Their functions are not fully understood, but theories propose that they are part of the cognitive executive system [28] and the motor circuit. [58] The basal ganglia ordinarily inhibit a large number of circuits that generate specific movements.
Athetosis is a symptom primarily caused by the marbling, or degeneration of the basal ganglia. [citation needed] This degeneration is most commonly caused by complications at birth or by Huntington's disease, in addition to rare cases in which the damage may also arise later in life due to stroke or trauma.
The basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei are a group of subcortical nuclei found in the brains of vertebrates. In humans and other primates , differences exist, primarily in the division of the globus pallidus into external and internal regions, and in the division of the striatum .