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A sympatholytic (sympathoplegic) drug is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). [1] They are indicated for various functions; for example, they may be used as antihypertensives .
As terbutaline is selective to β2 receptors, it has relatively less effect on the heart, preventing heart-related side effects. [12] Side effects of terbutaline includes peripheral vasodilation, tremor due to stimulation of β2 receptors in skeletal muscle , and tachycardia due to slight effect on β1 receptors. [ 13 ]
Adrenergic blocking agents are a class of drugs that exhibit its pharmacological action through inhibiting the action of the sympathetic nervous system [1] in the body. The sympathetic nervous system(SNS) is an autonomic nervous system that we cannot control by will.
Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and blood pressure. [1] The primary endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system are the catecholamines (i.e., epinephrine [adrenaline], norepinephrine [noradrenaline], and dopamine ), which function as both neurotransmitters and hormones .
It possesses an α 2:α 1 selectivity ratio of 1620:1, making it 8 times more selective for the α 2-adrenergic receptor than the related drug clonidine. [ 44 ] [ 45 ] Unlike opioids and other sedatives such as propofol , dexmedetomidine is able to achieve its effects without causing respiratory depression .
Beta blockers with greater blood–brain barrier permeability can have both neuropsychiatric therapeutic benefits and side effects, as well as adverse cognitive effects. [76] Central nervous system-related side effects and risks of beta blockers may include fatigue , depression , sleep disorders (namely insomnia ) and nightmares , visual ...
According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), 6.8 million adults have GAD. Other anxiety disorders include obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic ...
The primary application for phentolamine is for the control of hypertensive emergencies, most notably due to pheochromocytoma. [5]It also has usefulness in the treatment of cocaine-induced cardiovascular complications, where one would generally avoid β-blockers (e.g. metoprolol), as they can cause unopposed α-adrenergic mediated coronary vasoconstriction, worsening myocardial ischemia and ...