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A sympatholytic (sympathoplegic) drug is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). [1] They are indicated for various functions; for example, they may be used as antihypertensives .
Adrenergic blocking agents are a class of drugs that exhibit its pharmacological action through inhibiting the action of the sympathetic nervous system [1] in the body. The sympathetic nervous system(SNS) is an autonomic nervous system that we cannot control by will.
Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and blood pressure. [1] The primary endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system are the catecholamines (i.e., epinephrine [adrenaline], norepinephrine [noradrenaline], and dopamine ), which function as both neurotransmitters and hormones .
Autonomic drugs are substances that can either inhibit or enhance the functions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. This type of drug can be used to treat a wide range of diseases an disorders, including glaucoma, asthma, and disorders of the urinary, gastrointestinal and circulatory systems.
Common side effects include nausea, increased saliva, crampy abdominal pain, and slow heart rate. [3] More severe side effects include low blood pressure, weakness, and allergic reactions. [3] It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby. [3] Neostigmine is in the cholinergic family of medications. [3]
[8] [14] In 2000, Merz partnered with Suntory for the Japanese market and with Lundbeck for other markets including Europe; [56] the drug was originally marketed by Lundbeck under the name Ebixa. [14] Memantine was approved in the European Union in 2002 and in the United States in 2003. [8] [13] Sales of the drug reached $1.8 billion for 2014.
According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), 6.8 million adults have GAD. Other anxiety disorders include obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic ...
The primary application for phentolamine is for the control of hypertensive emergencies, most notably due to pheochromocytoma. [5]It also has usefulness in the treatment of cocaine-induced cardiovascular complications, where one would generally avoid β-blockers (e.g. metoprolol), as they can cause unopposed α-adrenergic mediated coronary vasoconstriction, worsening myocardial ischemia and ...