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The philtrum (Latin: philtrum from Ancient Greek φίλτρον phíltron, lit. "love charm" [2]) or medial cleft is a vertical indentation in the middle area of the upper lip, common to therian mammals, extending in humans from the nasal septum to the tubercle of the upper lip.
The cranial region includes the upper part of the head while the; facial region includes the lower half of the head beginning below the ears. The forehead is referred to as the frontal region. The eyes are referred to as the orbital or ocular region. The cheeks are referred to as the buccal region. The ears are referred to as the auricle or ...
They separate the cheeks from the upper lip. The term derives from Latin nasus for "nose" and labium for "lip". Other people suggest the term melolabial fold, [clarification needed] [4] or the lip-cheek fold or groove. [5] It is also known as the nasolabial sulcus.
The intermediate portion or infraorbital head arises from the lower margin of the orbit immediately above the infraorbital foramen, some of its fibers being attached to the maxilla, others to the zygomatic bone. Its fibers converge, to be inserted into the muscular substance of the upper lip between the angular head and the levator anguli oris.
It supplies not only the upper lip but also much of the skin of the face between the upper lip and the lower eyelid, except for the bridge of the nose. The mental nerve is a branch of the mandibular branch (via the inferior alveolar nerve). It supplies the skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip and labial gingiva (gum) anteriorly.
The face and neck development of the human embryo refers to the development of the structures from the third to eighth week that give rise to the future head and neck.They consist of three layers, the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, which form the mesenchyme (derived form the lateral plate mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm), neural crest and neural placodes (from the ectoderm). [1]
The commissure is the corner of the mouth, where the vermillion border of the superior labium (upper lip) meets that of the inferior labium (lower lip). The commissure is important in facial appearance, particularly during some functions, including smiling. As such it is of interest to dental surgeons.
The rhinarium, upper lip, and gums are tightly connected by a fold of mucous membrane called the philtrum, which runs from the tip of the nose to the mouth. [106] The upper lip is constrained by this connection and has fewer nerves to control movement, which leaves it less mobile than the upper lips of simians.