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Performance profiler (sampled or instrumented) and analyzer, focused on game development. Proprietary Systemtap: Linux Programmable system tracing/probing tool; may be scripted to generate time- or performance-counter- or function-based profiles of the kernel and/or its userspace. Open source Valgrind: Linux, macOS, Solaris, Android
In computer science, Performance Application Programming Interface (PAPI) is a portable interface (in the form of a library) to hardware performance counters on modern microprocessors. It is being widely used to collect low level performance metrics (e.g. instruction counts, clock cycles , cache misses ) of computer systems running UNIX / Linux ...
This can cause performance counter events to be attributed to the wrong instructions, making precise performance analysis difficult or impossible. AMD introduced methods to mitigate some of these drawbacks. For example, the Opteron processors have implemented [4] in 2007 a technique known as Instruction Based Sampling (or IBS). AMD's ...
Python: Python profiling includes the profile module, hotshot (which is call-graph based), and using the 'sys.setprofile' function to trap events like c_{call,return,exception}, python_{call,return,exception}. Ruby: Ruby also uses a similar interface to Python for profiling. Flat-profiler in profile.rb, module, and ruby-prof a C-extension are ...
The documentation of perf is not very detailed (as of 2014); for example, it does not document most events or explain their aliases (often external tools are used to get names and codes of events [15]). [16] Perf tools also cannot profile based on true wall-clock time., [16] something that has been addressed by the addition of off-CPU profiling.
Performance Monitor can display information as a graph, bar chart, or list of numeric values, and can update information using a range of time intervals. The categories of information that can be monitored depend on which networking services are installed, but always include file system , kernel , and memory manager .
The Time Stamp Counter was once a high-resolution, low-overhead way for a program to get CPU timing information. With the advent of multi-core/hyper-threaded CPUs, systems with multiple CPUs, and hibernating operating systems, the TSC cannot be relied upon to provide accurate results — unless great care is taken to correct the possible flaws: rate of tick and whether all cores (processors ...
For example, with six executions units, six new instructions are fetched in stage 1 only after the six previous instructions finish at stage 5, therefore on average the number of clock cycles it takes to execute an instruction is 5/6 (CPI = 5/6 < 1). To get better CPI values with pipelining, there must be at least two execution units.